Modular Arithmetics Essays - Algebra, Polynomials,

Modular Arithmetics MODULAR ARITHMETIC: Modular arithmetic can be used to compute exactly, at low cost, a set of simple computations. These include most geometric predicates, that need to be checked exactly, and especially, the sign of determinants and more general polynomial expressions. Modular arithmetic resides on the Chinese Remainder Theorem, which states that, when computing an integer expression, you only have to compute it modulo several relatively prime integers called the modulis. The true integer value can then be deduced, but also only its sign, in a simple and efficient maner. The main drawback with modular arithmetic is its static nature, because we need to have a bound on the result to be sure that we preserve ourselves from overflows (that can't be detected easily while computing). The smaller this known bound is, the less computations we have to do. We have developped a set of efficient tools to deal with these problems, and we propose a filtered approach, that is, an approximate computation using floating point arithmetic, followed, in the bad case, by a modular computation of the expression of which we know a bound, thanks to the floating point computation we have just done. Theoretical work has been done in common with , , Victor Pan and. See the bibliography for details. At the moment, only the tools to compute without filters are available. The aim is now to build a compiler, that produces exact geometric predicates with the following scheme: filter + modular computation. This approach is not compulsory optimal in all cases, but it has the advantage of simpleness in most geometric tests, because it's general enough. Concerning the implementation, the Modular Package contains routines to compute sign of determinants and polynomial expressions, using modular arithmetic. It is already usable, to compute signs of determinants, in any dimension, with integer entries of less than 53 bits. In the near future, we plan to add a floating point filter before the modular computation. Bibliography Explains basically the definition of modular arithmetic, and contents of it.

owen meany essays

owen meany essays In the novel, A Prayer for Owen Meany, by John Irving, Owen Meanys belief of predestination makes a significant impact on John Wheelwrights emotional stability as an adult. John Wheelwright is unhealthily bitter and angry about his past experiences because he clings to a past that never lets him choose. This bitterness fuels his repugnance towards the United States and the Reagan administration, because he understands that everything is in fact predestined just as Owen Meany had believed and he feels helpless because there is nothing he can do to change the course of events in life. The death and responsibility of Johns mothers death fell into the hands of Owen Meany and John can never accept that it was Owens fate to kill Johns mother. The Vietnam War was completely out of Johns hands to control being a young adult and all, and the fact that eventually the war indirectly took the life of his best friend, for this he feels helplessly responsible and angry. Into adulthood, John becomes bitter towards the United States and its catastrophic news because he knows it is all destined to happen, and like everything else in his life, he has no control or power to change anything. The death of Johns mother, Tabitha Wheelwright, was out of Johns control and the job is predestined to be executed by Owen. Her death falls into Owens hands because as he believes one night after an atrocious fever, that he had interrupted the Angel of Death. Because of this, the task was then placed on him so that he would be the one to kill Tabitha Wheelwright. In Owens opinion, he had INTERUPTED AN ANGEL, he had DISTURBED AN ANGEL AT WORK, he had UPSET THE SCHEME OF THINGS.- The Angel, pg. 102 Owen convinced himself that the reason he was used to kill Johns mom is because he is an instrument of God and that God had taken away Owens hands because he is helplessly under...

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions Essay - 5

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions - Essay Example A second way of knowing is through personal experience or self-witnessing. The media sources like newspapers and television may or may not always be trustworthy. One needs to use his or her own discretion elaborately before trusting the information. Sometimes we may believe in a certain aspect merely by our personal inspiration or intuition. This is the third way of knowing. Some concepts and ideas take birth in our brains and remain there as a piece of knowledge gained. Sometimes we might just rely on a feeling and an inner guidance that may lead us to the truth or the right path. A fourth way of knowing is by using reason and careful analysis. This is a powerful approach where knowledge may be gained by critically and logically analyzing the other three cases. (â€Å"Measurement, Evaluation & Research: Ways of Knowing†, 2008) Now, when we look at all the ways of knowing, we may conclude that finally each of them is flawed. As far as the first way is concerned, the book or text might consist of misprints and errors. There may be some information, which might differ from one book to another. Personal experience or eye witnessing is also dependent upon optical illusion or error of vision. Personal inspiration or intuition might also become invalidated or reason might not support this personal opinion. Again, reason might be right to one but wrong to another. Hence this way of gaining knowledge is not a valid one. However, Kerlinger provides a different angle to validate the four different ways. The first case, that is gaining knowledge by reading signifies a group’s belief and can be taken as the truth. This is the process of tenacity where the knowledge is common to a certain group. (Kerlinger 1973) In the second case, the personal experience one gains is at least true to the person concerned. The third method may be justified on the basis of personal intuition. Such a way of knowing may be justified on the basis of individual belief and

The Impact of ASEAN Free Trade Agreement on Malaysian Automotive Dissertation

The Impact of ASEAN Free Trade Agreement on Malaysian Automotive Industry - Dissertation Example verview of Research Methods 3 1.6 Research Significance 4 1.7 Dissertation 4 1.8 Summary 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review 6 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 Overview of Malaysian Automotive Industry 6 2.3 ASEAN Free Trade Area 9 2.4 Malaysian Governments’ Reaction to AFTA 10 2.5 Impact of AFTA on Industry 13 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 18 3.1 Introduction 18 3.2 Research Approach 18 3.3 Research Methods 19 3.4 Research Design 20 3.4.1 Sample 20 3.4.2 Data Collection Method 21 3.4.3 Data Collection Instrument 22 3.4.4 Data Analysis 22 3.5 Ethical Considerations 23 3.6 Summary 23 Chapter 4: Findings and Results 24 4.1 Introduction 24 4.2 Section A: Findings from the Customer Interviews 24 4.2.1 Customers’ Perception of Impact of AFTA 24 4.2.2 Customers’ Perception of the fate of PROTON and PERDUA with AFTA 25 4.2.3 Perception of Governments’ Policies 27 4.2.4 Customers’ Preference: Imported vs. Indigenous 27 4.2.5 Customers’ Perception of Problems as a direct result of AFTA 28 4.2.6 Customers’ Perception of Advantages of AFTA 29 4.2.7 Customers’ Perception of the Problems Related to Increase in Traffic Post AFTA.29 4.2.8 Customers’ Perception of Public Transport 30 4.2.9 Customers’ Perception of Selling Indigenous Cars to buy Imported Cars 30 4.2.10 Customers’ Perception of Need to Support Local Manufacturers 30 4.2.11 Customers’ Opinion of Changes that PROTON and PERODUA should undergo to meet the challenges of AFTA 31 4.3 Section B: Financial Analysis of PROTON and PERODUA 31 4.3.1 Ratio Analysis - PROTON HOLDINGS BHD 31 4.3.2 Ratio Analysis - DAIHATSU 35 Chapter 5: Discussion and Analysis 39 5.1 Introduction 39 5.2 Malaysian Government’s Approach to Combat impacts of AFTA 39 5.3 Perception of Malaysian consumers on Policies of Malaysian Government 43...The industry has shown a 20% growth in output in 2010 and appears to be heading towards an era of continuous growth in the futur e (Dinne et al, 2010). While Malaysia started as a country where International brands of cars were initially assembled, the progressive policies of the government have now made the country a manufacturer of world class vehicles. Perusahaan AutomobilNasional (PROTON) and Perusahaan OtomobilKeduaSdn. Bhd (PERODUA) now produce automobiles that dominate the Malaysian market. This has been made possible by enacting a series of protectionist policies like the requirement of local content, local labour, local partnership on the foreign companies that wanted to open their assembly plants in Malaysia. In addition, the government has proactively invested time and resources in boosting the two national automotive organizations - PROTON and PERODUA. As a result of the governmental policies, PROTON and PERODUA sell 90% of all domestic requirements while the two companies also export a large number of units worldwide (Business-in-Asia.com (n.d). However, with the implementation of Asian Free Trad e Area (AFTA) in the year 2005, the Malaysian automotive industry faced new challenges from neighbouring countries like Thailand and China, in terms of the quality and pricing and availability of imported cars in the market (Gabilaia, 2001).

Atitudes and perceptions of coaches on disabled people Essay

Atitudes and perceptions of coaches on disabled people - Essay Example iterature Review was conducted using the search engines Infotrac and Science Direct and by reviewing the literature in the libraries of the National Disability Authority (NDA). An internet search was carried out using the search engines, Google Scholar and Ask Jeeves. The paper starts by talking about the difference experiences that people with disability experience, then it goes ahead to touch on their experiences in the world of sports, self esteem issues are also reflected on the literature review and finally the literature review concludes by touching on the social and physical environmental factors that determine how the disabled are treated. The paper ends by analyzing the literature and evaluation of the collected data Study design: the study was a retrogressive form of study that involved looking back at already done research and published material. Systematic approach has been chosen in order to evaluate and critically analyze the attitudes and perceptions of coaches on disabled people. (Mulrow, Cook, & Davidoff, 1997; Murlow, 1994). It was decided due to the opportunity of having many finding together and still being able to evaluate on them. Study procedure: The study was mainly done via desk research, whereby an only the review of literature sources was done. An overview of the methodology is shown below in diagram form. The Literature Review was done using the search engines such as Science Direct and by reviewing the literature in the university library. An internet sources were used whereby search engines, such as Google Ask.com, and Scholar was involved in the search. The key sentence â€Å"Factors Influencing Perception and attitude of coaches towards disabled people† was used in the different search engines to locate the required material. Several criteria had to be established for the material to qualify in the study; the research material had to be less than ten years old, the material that had content on the perception of disabled sports

Learning And Communicating Online Education Essay

Learning And Communicating Online Education Essay The purpose of this paper was to express the extent of agreement with collaborative learning approaches. Thorough research on the subject of collaboration and the methods that are implemented by educators proved that there are more positives than negatives. This paper delves deep into the information that was discovered along the journey. The information contained within will help to prove that collaboration is a valuable tool for learning. This paper focuses on the importance of teaching students from a young age to work in collaboration with their peers. It shows that there is a wealth of information for students of all ages to learn from one another while participating collaboratively. It also points out the importance of working in groups to build on a students social, management and inquisitive skills. Collaboration will assist students in building upon the knowledge that they already have. Like all things in life, for every positive there is a negative and this report also covers a few of those negative points. Learning environments have changed progressively over the past 10 years. Continued use of antiquated methods, of instruction is harming students, and not allowing students to explore their full potential. The traditional whole class approach to education has outgrown its usefulness. Whole class instruction was a product of the industrial revolution to provide education to the masses (Shachar 2005). Years ago, the path to higher education was something that people undertook in their younger years, now higher education is something that is carried out by people of all ages and backgrounds. There is an assortment of training options available now to anybody that wants to further their education. They include; traditional on campus (full or part time), work based training (apprenticeship / traineeship), or an online degree (with no physical contact hours at all). Education has ventured out of the class room and into the virtual world. This change in educational venue has also seen the way that students are encouraged to learn develop. With the evolution of education, has come the growing interest in online degrees. The way that students participate with others while undertaking these online degrees, is collaboratively over the internet. Collaboration is a key to achieving goals. Because it allows students to build on knowledge they already possess, by interacting with other students. It is a way to receive feedback from their peers and educator in a less formal way than within the classroom. Although there are negatives to collaboration, according to the research conducted, the positives outweigh the negatives. Students learn how to interact in a professional manner within their learning groups and they build on their social and management skills. Collaborative learning can be defined as an instructional method in which students work together in small groups towards a common goal. Co-operative learning is defined as a structured form of group work where students pursue common goals but are assessed individually. Co-operative learning can be encompassed within the definition of collaborative learning (Prince 2013). Collaboration implemented in the early years of learning builds a foundation for success, both at school and in life. It can provide a positive attitude towards school and learning. Collaboration also teaches students how other people think (Battistich, Watson 2005), and build a set of skills that will be useful throughout their school years and into their careers. Co-operative learning reduces the gap between students, it has been found to provide significant support to students who are slow learners (Shachar 2005). Through collaboration, students are interacting with others from different backgrounds and learning abilities. The diversity that students are faced with is of particular benefit to their learning (McWhaw et al. 2005). Collaboration provides students with the opportunity to verbalise their thoughts and to analyse other peoples ideas. These thoughts facilitate understanding through cognitive restructuring on those who teach learn the most. Group members not only capitalise on the interaction between themselves and their peers but they learn how to problem solve by participating in the groups collective thoughts (Terwel 2005). Students find that when receiving feedback from their peers throughout their educational journey, that their learning experience is enriched. They feel as though they have a better knowledge of the information that has been presented to them and that their retention levels of new subject matter are greater. Collaboration represents an interaction where students are given more power over their learning than traditional methods (McWhaw et al. 2005). It is a method, in which students are their own time keepers. Students are able to invest as much time as they feel is necessary to achieve their goals. A common way of teaching students to work collaboratively is to assign them to groups to work through a problem. Groups have a greater potential to solve complex problems in challenging contexts, they bring more knowledge, skill and experience to the work than any individual could (Hackman, 2011). When working in small groups, there are various methods that can be utilised to help establish a sense of community and interaction between students. These include; case studies, role-playing, debates and threaded discussions (Lou, Macgregor 2004). For groups to be successful, the students must have a set plan of action. They need to allocate tasks to individual group members, and know that the task will be completed. A specific skill set should be utilised by the students to ensure that they are benefitting from the group sessions. Students will need to show that they are able to be open, have good leadership (able to follow instructions as well as give them), be inquisitive (ask for clarification from other group members regarding information provided by them) and show that they have good judgement (Bosworth 1994). With the development of social media and other online mediums, it has been increasingly easier for educators to set collaborative tasks for students. Online mediums such as BlackboardTM, Adobe Connect and Collaborate are integral parts of educator controlled collaboration. Weekly tasks are posted to blackboard for completion by the students. The activities ask for members of the group to actively participate in posting the answers to the said activity, and to provide feedback on a post, or to ask a question of fellow students. Adobe Connect and Collaborate are two programs that work in similar ways. They both provide an online platform for lectures / tutorials. These sessions are held by educators in regards to assignments and instructional information; they are beneficial for students to attend. It allows them the opportunity to ask real time questions of their peers and educator in relation to the information that is being presented. There is also the opportunity to ask any relevant questions in relation to the subject, and to be provided with an answer on the spot from a peer or educator. Social networking sites (Facebook and Twitter) are morphing into new channels for collaboration and innovation. They are increasingly tapping into the collaborative mindset in ways that continue to evolve (Moore, Neely 2011). Take students at Swinburne University for example. They have set up Facebook groups (which are independent from the university) for subjects that are offered by Swinburne. Students from a subject are welcome to join the particular group for the said subject. Within these groups, students have contact with other students who are studying the same subject, but may be from a different online learning group. These subject groups on Facebook are a wealth of knowledge. The students ability to be able to ask a question or an opinion from a myriad of students, gives them access to a broader knowledge base. Students within these groups also share information that they think may be of benefit to other students. As a result of questioning the effectiveness of collaboration in approaches to learning, it was found that there are negatives with collaborative learning. It has been noted that students feel as though greater involvement by all students within their online groups would make weekly activities more relevant to their studies. Collaboration is only as good as the involvement of students. If activities are only completed by a few students, then the benefits of the activity are going to be low. The greater the involvement, the more beneficial it is going to be. As the collaborative process is still evolving, there will always remain an element of unpredictability within the group environment. Students may find it hard to overcome their learning style that is their mindset. Some may find it easier to work alone and others may rebel and refuse to work with individuals within the group (Banerjee 2012). It was found that those who are rebellious are more likely to be high achieving students. These students do not want their grades to be effected by other students (Shachar 2005). Students working within groups may feel as though they are the ones doing the heavy lifting. There could be students within the group that do not contribute as much as other students. The act of not performing up to scratch is commonly referred to as social loafing. The challenge with groups is to identify what it takes for groups to exploit their considerable potential while avoiding the dysfunctions that await the unwary (Hackman, 2011). In conclusion, thorough research was conducted on the subject of collaborative approaches to learning. While carrying out the research for this paper, it became quite clear from the outset that there are more positives in relation to collaboration than negatives. When students collaborate, they are interacting with people from different backgrounds and learning abilities. Research showed that the implementation of collaborative exercises in the early years of a students education assisted them in gaining a positive attitude to learning, and to build a foundation for success in both school and life. One of the most common ways of collaboration in an online medium is to place the students in small learning groups. The communication that happens in these collaborative groups, gives students the opportunity to verbalise their thoughts, ask questions of their fellow group members and analyse other peoples ideas. Students that work within these groups, have the ability to solve more complex problems within a quicker time period. Social media and other online mediums have contributed to the accessibility of collaboration for students. Not only are online sessions set by educators for the students to attend, but there is a greater occurrence of student led collaboration through mediums such as Facebook and Twitter. This new age in technology will continue to evolve at an unprecedented pace in the future, bringing with it more ways for students to enhance their learning experience. Research showed that there are negatives in relation to collaboration. There is an element of unpredictability with the group environment. Students working within these groups may feel as though they are contributing more than others. Some students find that it is easier to work alone (their learning style dictates this), while others may be rebellious and refuse to work with members of the group. The contributing factor to this theory is that high achieving students do not want their grades to be effected by the work carried out amongst the group. Students also feel as though a larger contribution from all students in their online groups would be of greater benefit. The old adage of more is better, is correct in this instance. With the involvement of only a few, there isnt as much information to be absorbed by the students. Once again, in conclusion the research carried out in relation to this paper, has proven that collaboration is important to learning.

King Lear - Power Corrupts Essay -- essays research papers

Power is the ability to manipulate and control whatever one desires; to do what one pleases to do without answering to authority. The power that corrupts the characters plays an extensive role throughout Shakespeare’s play, King Lear. Goneril and Regan are corrupted by the power that Lear offers them. Edmund’s corruption comes from the trust of his father. Absolute power corrupts absolutely with the characters, because once have full control, they are so cold that they will do anything to keep the power – or to gain more. The quest for power corrupts, but when absolute power is attained, treachery and deceit is the only path to take. The power that Lear gives to Goneril and Regan makes them treacherous and deceitful. Lear offers his land to his daughters – Goneril and Regan – but in return they must profess their love for him: â€Å"which of you shall we say doth love us most, that we our largest bounty may extend.† (1, 1, 56-57) By doing this, Lear gives an opportunity for his daughters to take advantage of him. Goneril â€Å"loves [him] more than words can wield the matter’ (1, 1, 60) and the same goes for Regan saying, â€Å"[Goneril] comes too short, that [she] profess [herself] an enemy of all other joys.† (1, 1, 79-80) They don’t really love Lear, but instead they love the power that Lear gives them. Once Lear had given the land to his daughters, the power that they have corrupts them. When Lear needs a place to stay, the daughters are not quick to react; Goneril allows him to stay...

Rant on Homework Essay

Homework†¦Why do we have homework? I know that it is the most essential part in kids life for education, at least that is what teachers would say. But, what is the reason for doing homework after school when you have been working hard all day. Therefore, I feel that homework isn’t necessary because all it does is that it cause stress. Solving problem after problem, reading chapter after chapter, and studying for tests, quizzes makes the students frustrated and that leads them to dropping out school as well. Moreover, homework isn’t only wasting the student’s time but the teachers time as well. By marking and grading homework, teachers are wasting their time. So teachers, please don’t blame us the we wasted your time. Some people assume that homework is useful for teachers to watch student’s progress but I firmly believe that homework is sent home to test the parents, not the children. I think that teachers can watch the student’s progress in school better because teachers don’t know that at home who did the homework, the parent, the student or the internet (Google) People also think that homework helps parents to understand that the school holds high goals for students. But, I consider that school work is harder than homework and that means that parents can understand that the school holds higher goals than they think. Furthermore, homework becomes terrible if no one can help you. If no one can help you then you are doing work that you don’t understand, and if you don’t understand it what’s the point having the work that you can’t even do. I really, strongly believe that more kids would stay in school and have a better learning experience if they did not have the stress of homework. Lastly, homework means more papers used, which also means more trees to be cut down, which will lead to the environment getting screwed over. To me, homework is the cause of global warming. You think I’m kidding? No I am not. I’m being logical here. Think about it.

Langston Hughes Poetry Essay Essays

Langston Hughes Poetry Essay Essays Langston Hughes Poetry Essay Paper Langston Hughes Poetry Essay Paper allows the poem to flow freely, allowing Hughes to emphasise the theme within. Imagery is displayed by the simile used in lines 15-16 when freedom is described as a strong seed planted in great need to accentuate the longing of wanting to belong to society. In the Theme for English B Hughes exemplifies the segregation further by word choice such as coloured (Line 7) and white (Line 27), which represent hierarchies depending on skin colour. In each poem emotive language is used by Hughes to achieve a direct link to themes, such examples of this are let the page come out of you (Theme for English B, Line 4), democracy will not come (Democracy, Line 1) and I Too Am American (I Too Sing America, Line 17). The poems titles help to convey the tone by positioning the reader to sympathise the African Americans. I Too Sing America depicts that whilst he is black, he too sings the national anthem of the country he is from. Democracy holds the reflection of the justice system and how black people are treated inferior to white society. Through these literary features, Hughes helps the reader to view the segregation of white and black society. The themes in Hughes poems, Theme for English B, Democracy and I Too Sing America, position the reader to sympathise with Black society. Common themes held in all three poems are discrimination, racism and segregation which position white people to be the perpetrators of injustice, whilst black society as the victims. In Theme for English B the narrator exclaims that black people like similar things to white society such as to eat, sleep, drink, to be in love, work, read, learn and understand and life (Lines 21-22), posing the reader with the question as to how the races differ. I Too Sing America speaks of the discrimination at being made to eat in the kitchen (Line 3) and mistreated but then of hope, hope for change when he will be at the table (Line 9) and accepted as part of white society. Democracy allows the reader to empathise with the African Americans, accentuated by the themes of longing, acceptance and tiredness. In lines 10-12 it is stated I tire so from hearing people say tomorrow is another day showing the loneliness experienced by African Americans. It is through these themes Hughes positions the reader to view the segregation of white and black society in America in his poems. In his poems, Theme for English B, Democracy and I Too Sing America, Langston Hughes exposes the segregation of white and black society throughout Americas history. The illustration of social class is enhanced by the use of literary features, themes and creation of atmosphere and tone. The perspective chosen by the author, from the view of an African American, exemplifies the emotions portrayed within. Throughout these poems, Hughes positions the reader to view the unjust times African Americans have faced throughout history and hardships they still face today.

Marita Golden is bringing up the idea if you read Essays

Marita Golden is bringing up the idea if you read Essays Marita Golden is bringing up the idea if you read more you will become a stronger writer. The major argument that she is creating is that if you read more in-depth readings you will enhance your writing skills which will make an individual a stronger writer. Golden talks about how readers now tend to read things like blog posts and social media posts rather than reading in-depth novels and other challenging materials. She says that this shows in her student's papers that they don't understand that the topics they are covering have already been wr itten about time and time again. I feel as though as if this interview has a lot of truth behind it. The more that I read, the better writer I become. Reading in-depth articles helps expand my vocabulary and m y knowledge on different topics. Reading also opens me up to different writing styles. This text would've been easier to understand if I had more background knowledge on Marita Golden to understand her background and why she chose to be such a strong reader. She answers this question, but her response was vague. I wish I knew more about her upbringing and how her parents raised her, and whether they put more emphasis on her white culture or black culture. Overall, the author uses personal experiences to bring attention to the fact that this generation is a group of poor writers. Their lack of reading shows in their lack of ability to write in-depth papers and other writings.

Letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Letter - Assignment Example Should the misunderstanding between Felicia and Curt persist, E&Y is most likely to lose its highly esteemed clients because of the eminent and unprofessional attendance they experience. It is appreciable that Felicia has been a great mentor and serves diligently as the client team leader at E&Y for two and a half years. Being the Department Supervisor, your immediate attention is critical to addressing the situation. Your actions are also important to getting a viable resolution to the disagreement that would enable the two work efficiently and in coordination. Therefore, there is necessity that you schedule for another meeting in which you will resolve the contentious issue affecting E&Y. In addition, a meeting with Felicia and Curt would help solve their existing disagreements and subsequently prevent future challenges to attending to clients at E&Y. Moreover, peace would remain maintained within our department besides enhancement of the relationship between Tulsa office of Ernst & young and E &Y client Midcontent

Foreign Policies on Climate Change Memorandum Essay

Foreign Policies on Climate Change Memorandum - Essay Example First, to avert the potential dangers stemming from climate change in Africa and United States, the State has created multiple agencies to fight this menace. The president tasks each agency with specific responsibilities that are related to minimizing the effects of global challenges. This is because if unchecked, temperature increase could lead to food shortage and droughts. These responsibilities feature all probable potential consequences of climate change as well as allow for the addition of the unforeseen effects. Disasters arising from climate change effects, for example, storms are usually under the direct control of FEMA. However, delegate certain disasters like the rise in sea levels fall under the Department of Security. Also, other agencies are tasked with the responsibilities constructing canals and water dam plans in arid and semi-arid parts of the continent. This proposal has the advantage that it requires little funding and few initial resources. Furthermore, it provides helpful guides should any crisis arise. What is more is that responsibilities are made clear thus averting any conflicts that might arise due to inter- agency conflicts. The conflicts could potentially lead to wastage of money time, money, and even risk lives. Secondly, Africa has been hosting climate change summit after every two years. In particular, this helps keep the subject of climate change within the public discourse. It also fosters the pressure that results from an actionable strategy for climate change.